NIOS CLASS X | DATA ENTRY OPERATIONS | CHAPTER - BASIC OF COMPUTERS

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     Q. What is input device? Write any five devices.
Ans: Input devices accept data and instructions from the user. These are the common used devices:

     1.       Keyboard
2.       Mouse
3.       Light Pen
4.       Scanner
5.       Track Ball

     Q. Define keyboard and mouse as an input device.

     Ans: Keyboard: It is the most common input device. The most common keyboard use QWERTY combination of keys. A standard keyboard has 104 keys. These are numeric keys, arrow keys, special keys, alphabetic keys and function keys.

     Mouse: A mouse is an electro mechanical, hand held device and used as a pointer in a computer system.

     Q. Define scanner and track ball.

     Ans: A scanner translates printed image into an electronic format that can be stored in a computer’s memory. Some examples of scanner are:

     1.       OCR(Optical Character Recognition)
2.       MICR(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)
3.       OMR(Optical Mark Reader)

     Track Ball: It is also printing device like mouse but to move the pointer you have to rotate the ball with your thumb or your fingers. Track ball is stationary and it can be place on any type of surface unlike mouse.

     Q. What is output device? Write any five output devices.

     Ans: Output devices return the processed data as information, back to the user. Some common output devices are:

     1.       Monitor
2.       Printers
3.       Plotters
4.       Speakers

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     Q. Define printer and some most common printers.

     Ans: Printer is a most common output device which prints the output on paper as desired. Some of the most commonly used printers are:

      1.       Laser Printers: It is an extremely fast and quiet Printer but costly. It produces High Quality print than any other printer. The fastest laser printer can print up to 200 Pages/Minute in black and white and up to 100 in colour.
2.       Ink Jet Printers: Ink Jet printers create image directly on paper by spraying ink by the tiny nozzles. The image quality of inkjet is high but speed is low.
 3.       Dot Matrix Printers: It is the most popular printer at one point of time. It is less expensive than any other printer but it is very slower and produces lower print quality.
4.       Line Printers

     Q. Define monitor and type of monitors.

     Ans: It is the most important output device also known as V.D.U.(Visual Display Unit). Information processed within the CPU is needed to be visually displayed, in the same manner as a television displays information, monitor uses the same technique to display information as T.V. There are two types of monitors:

     1.       C.R.T.
2.       L.C.D.
CRT: It stands for Cathode Ray Tube Monitor. It is like typical monitor that looks like a T.V. screen. It has a large vacume tube called cathode ray tube.

     LCD: It stands for Liquid Crystal Displays Monitor. It also called Flat Panel Monitor. These days LCD monitors are very popular.

     Q. What is software? Identify the various types of software.

     Ans: Computer is a machine which cannot do anything without instructions from the user in order to do any specific job you have to give a sequence of instructions the computer. This set of instruction in a proper sequence is called a computer program. Software refers to the set of computer programs that cause the hardware(computer  system)to function in the desired manner. A complete set of instructions written to solve a problem on a computer is called software.

     Types of Software: Computer software is normally classified into two broad categories:

     1.       System Software
2.       Application Software

     Q. What is Assembly Language? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.

     Ans: In the 1950s, to reduce programming complexity and provide some standardization, assembly language were developed Assembly languages, also known as symbolic languages using abbreviations or mnemonic code- codes more easily memorized to replace the 0s and 1^st of machine languages an assembly language program to be executed, it must be converted to machine code. The assembly language program to be executed, it must be converted to machine code. The assembly language program is referred to as a ‘source program’ whereas the machine language programs an ‘object program’.

     Q. What is High Level Language?

     Ans: High Level Language is almost English like language, used by human beings for writing programs. These are easier to learn require less time to write programs, provide better documentation and easier to modify.               

                   The main advantages of high level language its portability i.e., any high level language program can be used and executed in almost all computers with little or no change.                

                   A program written in high level language is also called as source program and cannot be understood by the computer it has to be translated in to machine understandable form.

     Q. Write any four example of High Level Language.

     Ans: BASIC: It stands for beginners all purpose symbolic instruction code. It is easy to learn general purpose language like BASIC.

     COBOL: It stands for common business oriented language. It is used for commercial applications.

      FORTRAN : It stands for formula translate. It is developed for solving mathematical and scientific problems.

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     Q. What is machine language?

     Ans: It is the lowest level of programming language, in which instruction is represented in the form of binary numbers as ‘0 and 1’. Its execution is very fast and efficient because the computer can accept the machine code as it is. A programmer must keep track of a tremendous amount of details. It is very tedious and time consuming.