NIOS CLASS 12 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (333) IMPORTANT CHAPTER WISE NOTES FOR EXAM
Chapter:18 (Water and Energy Conservation)
Q. Write down the factors responsible for scarcity of
water.
Answer: Several factors responsible for water scarcity are:
- Increased demand of an increasing population
- Increasing demand by expansion of irrigation and its demand
- Increasing water use due to changing in lifestyle
- Silting of rivers
- Bad management of water resources.
Q. Why conservation of water is essential?
Answer: Since water is needed for domestic purposes, in industries, irrigation and rearing livestock, its conservation is absolutely necessary.
Q. How water can be conserved?
Answer: Water may be conserved by proper management of water resource. This can be in four directions:
- Reducing wastage of water
- Storage
- Recharging and
- Harvesting of water
Q. What is River Action Plan?
Answer: Our Rivers Ganges and Yamuna had been polluted and are being cleaned through the river action plans.
Q. What is energy?
Answer: Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. Energy is renewable and non-renewable.
Q. What are bio-fuels?
Answer: Bio-fuels are obtained from plants and plant
products and may be in the form of liuid may be obtained as gases CO2 and
CH4.
Q. How we can save the energy?
Answer: Certain careful action at home and place of work can save energy. India has a well chalked out electricity conservation programme. Promotion of solar energy power in India and promotion of CFL.
Q. What is Geo-thermal power?
Answer: Geo-thermal power is the heat energy or thermal energy present in the earth’s crust. The heat in the upper most part of earth is readily accessible and can be used in generate electricity.
Q. State any three factors responsible for increase in
water demand.
Answer: Increasing demand by industry, rising demand due to growing population, expansion of irrigation, increasing water use due to changing life style.
Q. Why should water be conserved?
Answer: To overcome the problem of scarcity of water, we need to judiciously use water and conserve it for use of future generations.
Q. What is the difference between ‘one star’ and ‘five
star’ refrigerators?
Answer: Star rating system ranges from one star (least energy efficient thus least energy saved) to five years.
Q. What is water harvesting? In what ways can it be done?
Answer: Rain water is the major source of water for irrigation of agricultural fields in the country and for recharging the ground water. Rainfall is restricted to three months in a year therefore rain water should be stored and use of ground rain water well planned. Ground water is a renewable water source and get replenished by natural process of recharge.
Recharging of ground water:
- Flood waters may be injected into aquifers through series of deep pits or ditches.
- Small reservoirs and percolation tanks can be dug to hold runoff water recharging ground water.
- Rain water harvesting carried out by building power for recharging ground water.
- De-siltation of canals and tanks should be done regularly.
- Pre-monsoon tillage of fields helps to conserve soil moisture.
Q. Short
Note on Ganga Action Plan.
Answer:
Ganga is the largest and most important Indian river. It is 2,525 Km long. The
watershed of river Ganga spreads over ten Indian states. The major cause of
Ganga water pollution is unrestricted discharge of untreated sewage and
industrial effluents all among its course. Ganga Action Plan is an ambiguous and
first of its kind river cleaning project. Ganga Action Plan has been launched
by the Government of India to clean the river Ganga. The first phase of the project
was completed in 1993.
Q. Short
note on Yamuna Action Plan.
Answer:
Yamuna Action Plan was implemented in April, 1993. Yamuna is a major tributary of the river
Ganga.
Yamuna Action Plan aims at cleaning
and conserving water of the river Yamuna by removing pollutants from it.
Q. What
are the conventional and non-conventional sources of energy?
Answer: The
conventional sources of energy are the fossil fuels. It took millions of years
for the formulation of fossil fuels. Hence, they are limited and non-renewable.
Fossils are remains of organisms that lived in the past and fossil fuels are plants that got buried under earth that became rock over years. Fossil fuels have to be unearthed from mines. The types of fossil fuels are:
- Coal is solid. It is mined and then transported in trucks and trains. In our country coal mines are found in Raniganj, Jharia and Dhanbad in Bihar.
- Oil is liquid which is pumped out from the ground after drilling a well. It is sent to far away places in oil tankers or pipe lines. Oil is used in automobiles and aeroplanes. In India, oil is found along the west coast and in Digboi oil fields, Assam.
- Natural gas is a mixture of gases. The gas we use for cooking which comes in cylinder is LPG. CNG is used in the public transport vehicles.
 CHAPTER-18 (WATER AND ENERGY CONSERVATION) IMPORTANT NOTES FOR EXAM){kind=link}
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